Biosurfactants are amphoteric molecules that act preferentially on the interface of fluids of different polarities such as water and oil, and they may be synthesized by micro-organisms. Using a factorial design 24-1 (half fraction) 10 assays were performed using Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) AP029/GVII-A as microorganism in rotary incubator (shaker), in which we analyzed the influence of factors (temperature, agitation, rate of aeration and concentration of culture medium) at two different levels for the synthesis of biosurfactant. Samples were collected throughout the cultivation until we completed 132h of fermentation. We tried the best result following the production through consumption of substrate, dry matter, reduction of surface tension (ring method) and emulsification index. The results showed that the cassava wastewater is a very assimilable substrate for the production of biosurfactant, reaching 91% of consumption by the micro-organism under study. The cultivation temperature was found to be one of the leading factors in the synthesis of the metabolite, followed by aeration rate and also due to the agitation. The best results showed a reduction of 30% in surface tension (% RTS) for the medium, reaching values of 30 mN/m, 3.0 g / L of biomass and emulsification index greater than 65%.

Barbado stream, in Cuiabá-MT, like other urban streams, has suffered all kinds of human actions, from plumbing works and diversion of their natural course, the dumping of effluents, waste, destruction of riparian vegetation and its siltation. The objective of this study was evaluating some aspects of this stream hydro problem, its source to its mouth, using the monitoring of the quality of its water by physicochemical parameters, and by analyzing the perceptions of residents of their neighborhood. It was concluded that the Barbado stream needs recovery projects ranging from awareness of the residents of their neighborhood on its importance to the environment, as well as investments in basic sanitation sector to prioritize the collection and wastewater treatment, and the solid waste collection from the surrounding neighborhoods.

Increasingly, the Internet is used as a universal medium, providing essential services to any citizen who uses a computer connected to the network. Like the buildings that provide care to the population must comply with the accessibility standards, the same should happen with the sites of public institutions, i.e. the content should be accessible to many different user profiles. This paper aims to present the assessment of accessibility of the IFRN portal according to two models of web accessibility: e-MAG 2.0 (initiative of the Department of Electronic Government to adapt the WCAG 1.0 to the institutional sites) and the WCAG Samurai (independent proposal, alternative to the WCAG 2.0). The results indicate that the IFRN portal is according to some web accessibility guidelines, but there are still occurrences that need to be corrected to fully meet the accessibility priority 1 of e-MAG 2.0. Besides being more practical, the WCAG Samurai also broadens the discussion to explore new issues that are not present in versions of WCAG. Finally, further research is proposed, and following the principles of e-MAG and WCAG Samurai are given some suggestions to improve the accessibility of the IFRN portal.

This article deals with the use of formal methods in the specification of topologies for networks on chip. The networks on chip (NoC) have similarities with the traditional networks, however, they have characteristics more restrictive in terms of space, power consumption and latency. The topology describes the flow of data across the network and the physical structure of how devices are connected, that can determine the degree of scalability and performance of the systems as a whole. This paper presents specifications of topologies network on chip that are relevant for the design of embedded systems and may be used in the synthesis process of high level.

Given the evolution of robotics, what it represents in the world’s scenario and the Brazilian difficulties to follow the development of this research area, specially regarding the inaccessible costs of robotics kits, it becomes interesting to develop low cost robots. Moreover, considering the advances of mobile devices in a world wide context, a low cost robotic system that can be controlled and programmed by any mobile device that can produce sounds was developed. The accessories of the mobile device can also be used to aid the execution of some operation done by the robot.

The idea of production is presupposed the idea of place. Well, there is no production without a space is there an area without production. Thus, social levels: economic and space are intertwined. Based on this thinking this paper analyzed the spatial formation of Macaíba from traditional economies and the changes caused by new economies located in the municipality. To accomplish this we used the literature searches and photographic records. In which, yet we tried to make an analogy between the process of formation of the Rio Grande do Norte and the Macaíba for this to be a subspace in the state. Thus, one cansee how traditional activities as producing the territory settled suits their needs and after the crisis of traditional economies, we analyze how modern economies have been playing thisterritor.

In order to reduce the chances of accidents and failures in drilling an oil well, a continuous training to the workers is highly recommended. This paper presents a game which simulates a drilling rig. In this game, the players are exposed to various circumstances in which they can exercise their knowledge about their work and learn what to do in adverse situations. Artificial Intelligence techniques will be applied to the game in order to accomplish that feature. The application will also include instant interactions among several players in a virtual 3D environment. The game is a web-based, which allows players to remotely execute it on different platforms.

The objective of this research was to characterize the municipalities of Crato, Barbalha and Missão Velha regard to agricultural activity. With the aid of form, economic, technological and information provided by EMATERCE, Rural Workers Union of Municipalities and the Office Agropole of Ceará, a search was conducted in 169 sample farms, small and medium businesses, classified according to what farm, agriculture and fruit production for subsistence, livelihood and vegetables. The group that had the main activities to subsistence farming and fruit production was 42% and showed a predominance of consortium between corn and beans or corn and beans. As the fruit there was a predominance of banana and guava. The Living conditions are considered good, but there is little use of technology in agriculture. Most farmers markets its products, but it is recommended a greater incentive of competent bodies, through technical assistance, courses about agricultural management and producer organization and greater benefits for the improvement of agriculture practiced in these properties.

Designers make decisions that ultimately impact on both the economic and environmental performance of the products, and many of these costs and impacts occur across the supply chain. This paper proposes an initial discussion about eco-efficiency concepts applied within extended supply chain (ESC). Eco-efficiency (EE) has the potential to incorporate both environmental and economic improvement by companies of ESC. It is noteworthy that it is an imperative in the current competitive market that companies must be able to manage their entire production chain taking into account environmental issues as an important factor in their decision-making processes. Therefore, it is believed that EE can integrate and strengthen a company’s functions and assist its decision-making processes as well as implement improvements within its ESC.

We propose a heuristic that defines the rules to an efficient cooperation of a multi-robot system used to execute tasks in a controlled environment. This heuristic enables a group of robots to have better performance during the execution of a task list without the intervention of an external agent. The environment increased knowledge, better utilization of robots and reduction on tasks execution time by the rules defined to exchanges of experiences.

During the wear tests, the friction coefficient value varies according to the different conditions of tribological systems associated with parameters such as load, speed and contact temperature. The complex variations of friction coefficient make difficult a correlation with the measures of the signs of wear. In this paper, a method was developed for the analysis of wear using statistical techniques, which looked at the sign of the friction coefficient. From a dynamic test pin/disk, there are different types of wear mechanisms under different loading conditions. The proposed analysis allows the representation of the wear mechanisms that operate in the materials in form of a map to correlate the changes in standard deviations of the friction coefficient on the wear rate.

The Environmental Education is approached under a critical view and contextualized in the actions of Comissão de Meio Ambiente e Qualidade de Vida na Escola (COM-VIDA) at a school of the public system in Recife. On the theoretical side, the research deals with the notion of ecological person. Based on the experience and actions difficulties and new horizons of perfomace of the COM-VIDA are highlighted, under a perspective to the formation of the ecological person. In order to attend a qualitive search, whose subjects were students and trainees that worked on the committee; we used the following tools: observation, interviews, questionnaires and workshops. The results of the survey showed that the actions of COM-VIDA may facilitate the integration of the entire school community. The activities in a practical manner aroused great interest among students and the content should be worked in an interdisciplinary way. It was verified, however, that there is still much to advance the process of teaching and learning in a way to integrate the Environmental Education strategies, fostering an interdisciplinary action at school.

Three naphthoquinone, (11S,13S, 16R)-cordiaquinone J ((+)-cordiaquinone J), 6-[10-(12,12-dimethyl-13α- hydroxy-16-methenyl-cyclohexyl)ethyl]-1,4- naphthalenedione (cordiaquinone L) and 5-methyl-6- [10-(12.12-dimethyl-13β-hydroxy-16-ciclohexil) methyl- 1,4-naphthalenedione (cordiaquinone M) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Cordia leucocephala Moric. These naphthoquinones, except cordiaquinone M were quantified by HPLC in crude extract of the roots of C. leucocephala. The standards of (+)-cordiaquinone J and cordiaquinone M in the chromatogram were identified by their retention time and its UV spectrum. The quantification of two naphthoquinones, had average contents of 310 μg of (+ ) J-cordiaquinone and 180 μg of cordiaquinone M in 100 mg of roots this plant species.

The advent of information technologies, the growth of Web and the new conceptions of mobility and sharing data resulted in investment in systems for mobile devices, as mobile phone. However, these relevant technologies are few used to optimization processes in the agricultural area, and the development of this work is based on this need. The SisCI project consists of a real time system for control and remote monitoring of irrigation systems through mobile phones on the Web. This work introduces new irrigation technologies in the Vale do Açu region, providing cost savings to the agricultural owners. Currently, the project is being applied at a School Farm of the Federal Institute of Technical and Higher Education, located in city of Ipanguaçu in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The main results of this work are: (i) the SisCI system with your documentation and your implementation that follow the W3C standard architecture for Web Services; (ii) three conclusion work of computer technician course; (iii) three papers and three banners for SEATEC and CONNEPI; and, (iv) courses for the community Ipanguaçu.

The  Moringa  Oleífera  Lam  is  an  oil  tree  which has a great potential for biofuel production  in semi‐arid, as  long as  it fits  in  various weather  conditions. The seed produces between 35% and  40%  oil.  The  aim  of  this  study  was  to  obtain  biodiesel  through  the  transesterification  process  and  characterize  the  oil´s  physical‐chemical  properties  and  biodiesel  in  accordance  with  the  standards  established  by the  ANP.  The  biodiesel  was produced by methylic route with the catalyst  KOH.  The results showed that the moringa seed  produces  oil  in  good  quantity  with  adequate  physical‐chemical  characteristics  to  be  used  as  feedstock  for  transesterification  to  obtain  biodiesel.  The  average  oil  content  found  for  moringa seeds was 40%,  83,68% yield of biodiesel  and conversion of fatty acids methyl esters of 99,9  %.  

The increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and the adverse effects of the main anticoagulant medicine (heparin) stimulate the search for novel anticoagulants compounds. In the present study, five sulfated polysaccharides-rich fractions, denominated F0,3v; F0,4v; F0,5v; F1,2v; and F1,9v were obtained from seaweed Dictyopteris justii through proteolytic digestion, followed by acetone fractionation. The presence of sulfated polysaccharides was confirmed by electrophoretic analyses. In addition, these analyses also showed that D. justii synthesize three kinds of sulfated polysaccharides (two heterofucans and one glucan) which are distributed over the fractions. A significant result was the aPTT activity of the fraction F0,4v, which was similar to that of heparin. F0,4v is composed mainly a hetofucan named pool A. This fucan is therefore promising agent for their possible use in anticoagulant therapy.

This article approaches questions around history and epistemology of the Environmental Education in Brazil. It presents the estimated ones for a critical, transformer and emancipation Environmental Education. This study occurs in a where social and environmental problems reach great dimensions and provoke discussions all over the planet. Inside this social context where education is taken as a form intervention in the world, several methodological and theoretical approaches emerge indicating Environmental Education tendencies as different ways to face challenges due to environmental crisis.

The state of Paraíba is responsible for the most part of bentonite production in the country, originated from the biggest deposits in Brazil located in Boa Vista. In anticipation of the expansion of mineral production and the Paraiba state consolidation as the largest producer in the country, the aim of this study was to develop the mineralogical characterization and treatment of the montmorillonite clay deposits aiming its use as a mineral component of oil well drilling fluids. For this, the samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, viscosity and API filtered tests.